Smog AvengerTM is a division of Hbar Power, LLC
Smog AvengerTM is a division of Hbar Power, LLC |
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| Catalytic converters are devices through which exhaust gases are directed before being released into the atmosphere. They are typically found between the engine and muffler in an automobile. |  |
The role of modern catalytic converts employed in automobile exhaust systems is to convert some of the smog-generating vapors into less polluting gases. Catalytic converters are composed of one or more ceramic substrates extruded with small air pasages within which catalysts are coated. Typical catalyst materials are platinum, palladium, and cerium. The chemical reactions that they catalyze can be catagorized as oxidation and reduction reactions. The oxidation reactions are:
The reduction reactions are:
Normally, the computers on-board modern automobiles use signals from oxygen sensors to periodically switch between lean (too little fuel) and rich (too much fuel) engine operations, in order to continuously balance emission control of NOx, CO, and HC. The cerium, along with it oxide CeO2, provide a sink/source of oxygen during these cycles.